A Deep Dive into Problem Solving

by Anna Maria Kochan, Adjunct Faculty (Communications)

One of the most effective methods of problem solving is the Dewey Framework. Developed by educator John Dewey in 1910, this reflective thinking process can increase the problem-solving effectiveness of most groups. It consists of a structured organized series of steps that must be done in sequential order to achieve success. The group needs to define the problem. Dewey wants the group to be as clear as possible without arousing defensiveness or stating the problem as a yes or no question. After a clear problem has been expressed, analysis is next. At this stage, the group should start to provide all the facts, causes, history, and stakeholders of the problem. Only after the analysis is complete can the group begin to layout the criteria the solution must meet. Without this step, a viable solution will not develop. Criteria provide standards and principal requirements that will be used to measure all possible solutions against. To achieve this pool of solutions, brainstorming must occur. The group should ask, how would each solution remedy the problem, how well does each solution meet the criteria and what are the advantages and disadvantages. Armed with a list of possible solutions, it is time to rank the solutions by advantages, and possibly combining some ideas to formulate the best solution. Once the solution has been chosen, the final question of implementation must be answered. The group must create steps to put the solution into effect. Not only does the group need to follow the steps, the members must have the right mindset to apply the framework. Dewey recommends suspending judgment and being open to all possible ideas, facts, and opinions. He warns groups, not to settle on a solution too early, forcing the framework to end prematurely. When applying the framework, group members should explore all the important contributing factors to the problem and investigate all major issues that may be involved in developing the best possible solution.